陶洁美国文学选读第三版教材讲义电子书

达聪 • 2022年7月28日 pm8:29 • 升学考研

陶洁《美国文学选读》（第3版）笔记和课后习题（含考研真题）详解

1．复习笔记。每章的复习笔记以该教材为主并结合其他教材对本章的重难点知识进行了整理，并参考了国内名校名师讲授该教材的课堂笔记。 2．课后答案。对陶洁主编的《美国文学选读》（第3版）每章的课后思考题均进行了详细的分析和解答，并对相关重要知识点进行了延伸和归纳。 4．考研真题。精选名校经典考研真题及相关习题，并提供答案和详解。所选真题和习题基本体现了各个章节的考点和难点。
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陶洁《美国文学选读》（第3版）复习笔记

第2单元埃德加•爱伦•坡

Introduction to author（作者简介）

Edgar Allan Poe (1809—1849) is a novelist, poet, and critic.

埃德加·爱伦·坡（1809—1849），小说家，诗人，评论家。

Life（生平）

Poe’s childhood was a miserable one. He lost both of his parents when still very small, and was taken care of by a wealthy merchant. Father and son enjoyed nothing but an unhappy relationship together. Poe entered the University of Virginia but did not finish. He went to West Point as a cadet but was dismissed because of misbehavior. Poe wrote and worked as editor most of his short life. He was poor all his life. At 27 he married his cousin, whose death in 1847 left him inconsolable and bitter with life than ever. He died, in October, 1849.

坡有着悲惨的童年。他年幼时父母双亡，他被一位富商收养，父子之间关系紧张。坡进入弗吉尼亚大学学习，但是没能完成学业。后来去了西点军校，却又因为行为不端而被校方开除。他短暂的一生中大部分时间都在从事写作和编辑工作。他终身贫困潦倒。27岁时，他和他的表妹结婚，1847年妻子的离世使他悲痛万分。1849年10月，坡去世了。

Major works（主要作品）

(1) Poems（诗集）

Tamerlane and Other Poems (1827) 《帖木尔》

Al Araaf (1829)《艾尔·阿拉夫》

Poems (1831) 《诗集》

The Raven and Other Poems(1845) 《乌鸦及其他诗篇》

(2) Short stories（短篇小说）

Tales of the Grotesque and the Arabesque(1840) 《述异集》/《怪异故事集》

The Fall of the House of Usher(1845) 《厄舍大厦的倒塌》

The Masque of the Red Death(1845) 《红色死亡假面舞会》

Ligeia(1845) 《莉盖亚》

The Black Cat(1845) 《黑猫》

The Cask of Amontillado(1845) 《阿芒提拉多的酒桶》

The Murders in the Rue Morgue(1845) 《莫格街谋杀案》

The Purloined Letter(1845) 《被窃的信件》

The Gold Bag(1845) 《金甲虫》

(3) Literary theory（文学理论）

The Philosophy of Composition(1846) 《创作哲学》

The Poetic Principle(1850) 《诗歌原理》

内容来源

陶洁《美国文学选读》笔记讲义

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Ⅱ. Selected works（选读作品）

◆The Cask of Amontillado《阿芒提拉多的酒桶》

Theme and style（主题与风格)

The theme is about horror and death.

Poe pursues the style of shortness and fast tempo and to reach the climax quickly. To achieve the effect, he reduces the background information and the words he used are concise. In this short story, even nothing is redundant.

小说的主题是恐怖和死亡。

坡追求篇幅短小而节奏很快的叙事风格，从而使故事迅速达到高潮。为达到这种效果，他减少了背景信息，并且用词凝练。在这篇短篇小说中，甚至没有一个词是冗余的。

Main plot（主要情节）

It is the narrator’s account of his ability to carry out a chilling plot of revenge against his offender, Fortunato.

Montresor baits Fortunato by telling him he has obtained what he believes to be a pipe of a rare vintage of Amontillado. He claims he wants his friend’s expert opinion on the subject. Fortunato goes with Montresor to the wine cellars of the latter’s palazzo, where they wander in the catacombs. Montresor offers wine to Fortunato. Montresor displays a trowel he had been hiding and killed Fortunato.

主要讲述了叙述者实施他的复仇计划，将冒犯他的弗图那多杀死的故事。

蒙特利瑟告诉弗图那多他买了一桶阿芒提拉多酒，但不确定是不是名酒，想要弗图那多去帮忙鉴定。蒙特利瑟便带领着弗图那多到了宫殿的地下酒窖，将酒拿给弗图那多看。然后将弗图那多绑在事先准备好的铁桩上，杀死了他。

Analysis（作品分析）

(1) Precision in time, place, and setting preclude the idea of risk and allow the narrator both the retribution he seeks and the impunity he demands.

(2) It is set during the “supreme madness” of Carnival. In such a riotous atmosphere, it is easy to see how a crime could go unnoticed.

(3) Because Montresor is aware of the unfortunate Fortunato’s impending death, dramatic irony also plays a role in the comedy of horrors of “The Cask of Amontillado.” Dramatic irony is the result of the disconnect that occurs when a character, namely Fortunato, is not aware of the true meaning of his own actions. The very setting of the story is ironic, in that Montresor has chosen the jovial carnival season to enact his murder because no one will be at his estate to witness the crime. Fortunato himself is dressed in a jester’s outfit, and the jingling of his jester’s bells reminds us of the atmosphere of happiness and cheer outside the catacombs. Later, as they drink the Medoc, Fortunato drinks to the dead and buried, not realizing that he is about to join them, and Montresor wryly drinks to Fortunato’s health.

（1）精确的时间与地点减少了风险并使叙述者顺利实施复仇计划又免遭惩罚。

（2）在狂欢节“最疯狂活动”中实施计划，很难引起人们的注意。

（3）蒙特利瑟知道弗图那多注定要死去，戏剧反讽也起到了很大的作用。弗图那多并不知道他的行为意味着什么造成了戏剧性反讽。故事发生的背景也颇具讽刺意味。蒙特利瑟选择在狂欢节实施他的复仇计划，是因为没人会注意到发生了什么。而弗图那多自己穿着小丑的衣服，小丑的铃声使我们想起狂欢节欢快的气氛外面以及地下酒窖外的欢呼声。当他们喝梅多科酒时，弗图那多并没意识到死亡正向他逼近，蒙特利瑟报复计划就要得逞。

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