吴伟仁美国文学史及选读复习笔记整理

达聪 • 2022年7月27日 pm6:20 • 升学考研

吴伟仁《美国文学史及选读》（重排版）笔记和考研真题详解

遵循教材的章目编排，共分为五部分，总共35章，每章由两部分组成：第一部分为复习笔记（中英文对照），总结本章的重点难点；第二部分是考研真题与典型题详解，精选名校近年考研真题及相关习题，并提供了详细的参考答案。
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吴伟仁《美国文学史及选读》重排版教材复习笔记
第2章威廉·布拉德福德和约翰·温思罗普
I. William Bradford (1590－1657) (威廉·布拉德福德)
(1) William Bradford was the first governor of Plymouth, and his representative work is Of Plymouth Plantation.
(2) Bradford wrote much of that in the midst of the events he describes. The book’s simplicity, earnestness and direct reporting make it readable and moving. In addition, Bradford left a wealth of letters, other prose writings about the colony, and even a narrative poem.
(3) When he died, the New England colonies mourned him, in words written later by Cotton Mather, as “a common blessing and father to them all”.
(1) 威廉·布拉德福德是普利茅斯的第一任总督，代表作品是《普利茅斯种植园》。
(2) 布拉德福德在其中写下了很多自己亲身经历的事件。本书语言简洁，情感真挚，平铺直叙，易读又感人。此外，他还写了大量的诗歌、散文和叙事诗等。
(3) 他去世时，整个新英格兰殖民地都为他哀悼。科顿·马瑟后来为他题词，称他是“众人之福，众人之父”。
II. John Winthrop (1588－1649) (约翰·温思罗普)
(1) John Winthrop was the first governor of Boston, and his notable work is The History of New England from 1630 to 1649. His work is notable for its candid simplicity and honesty.
(2) Through a direct and vigorous prose style, each book is the most valuable kind of historical source—an account of events by a man who has been a major figure of his time. Both were written, not from literary ambition, but from a sense of the need to record important events in permanent form.
(1) 温斯罗普是波士顿的第一任总督，代表作是《新英格兰史》。他的作品坦率、质朴、真实。
(2) 《普利茅斯种植园史》和《新英格兰史》是非常珍贵的历史资料，记录了作者所处时代的重大历史事件。作者的写作不是出于创作的兴趣，而是出于一种将重大事件永久记录下来的需要。

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吴伟仁《美国文学史及选读》复习笔记

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2.2 考研真题与典型题详解
I. Fill in the blanks.
1．In 1620, ______ was elected Governor of Plymouth, Massachusetts.
【答案】William Bradford
【达聪解析】1620年威廉·布拉德福德被选为普利茅斯殖民地的第一任总督。
2．The History of New England is a priceless gift ______ left us.
【答案】John Winthrop
【达聪解析】约翰·温思罗普(John Winthrop) (1588-1649), 美国殖民地领导人，马萨诸塞湾清教徒总督。他著名的作品是《新英格兰史》（The History of New England）。
3．William Bradford himself used a word” ________ “to describe the community of believers who sailed from Southampton, England, on the Mayflower and settled in Plymouth, Massachusetts in 1620.
【答案】Pilgrims
【达聪解析】威廉·布拉德福德是普利茅斯的首任总督。1620年他率领100多名英国移民乘坐“五月花号”大帆船到达北美的普利茅斯。他把其率领的信徒称为朝圣者（pilgrims）。
II. Multiple Choices
1．Who was called “a common blessing and father to them all”?
A. John Winthrop.
B. William Bradford.
C. Philip Freneau.
D. Thomas Paine.
【答案】B
【解析】威廉·布拉德福德被称为“众人之福，众人之父”。
2．Which is not the feature of John Winthrop’s writing style?
A. Candidness.
B. Simplicity.
C. Honesty.
D. Humor.
【答案】D
【解析】温斯罗普的作品特点是坦率、质朴、真实。因此答案为D项。
III. Explain the following term.
Literary Journals
Key：
Literary Journals: ①A journal is an individual’s day-by-day account of events. It provides valuable details that can be supplied only by a participant or an eyewitness. As a record of personal relations, a journal reveals much about the writer. ②While offering insights into the life of the writer, a journal is not necessarily a reliable record of facts. The writer’s impressions may color the telling of events, particularly when he or she is a participant. Journals written for publication rather than private use are even less likely to be objective. The European encounters with and conquest of the Americas are recorded in the journals of the explorers.
……