考研英语一阅读理解高分特训100篇【命题分析＋答题攻略＋强化训练】

考研英语（一）阅读理解高分特训100篇【命题分析＋答题攻略＋强化训练】 【完整内容点击文中链接获取】

You are what you eat, or so the saying goes. But a new generation of molecular biologists is starting to give that old adage a decidedly high-tech twist. By combining the latest discoveries in human genetics with a deeper understanding of the hundreds of compounds found in food, investigators have begun to tease apart some of the more complex interactions between your diet and your DNA. In the process, they hope eventually to give consumers more personalized advice about what to eat and drink to stave off heart disease, cancer and other chronic conditions of aging. “We are trying to put more science behind the nutrition,” says Jose Cordovans, a geneticist at the Friedman School of Nutrition at Tufts.

Do you drink three cups or more of coffee a day? Genetic tests can now determine whether you—like approximately 10% to 20% of the population—have a specific genetic variation that makes it harder for your body to absorb calcium in the presence of caffeine, thus increasing your rate of bone loss.

This area of research is so new, there’s still a bit of a debate over what exactly to call it. Nutritional genetics? Nutritional genomic? Nutrigenomics? But by any name, the field is growing fast. Indeed, some start-up companies simply aren’t waiting for all the scientific mysteries and subtleties to be worked out and have begun to offer tests for a limited number of gene-nutrient interactions directly to consumers.

None of those genetic variations are immediately life threatening. In fact, most of them have no apparent effect. The variants are not like the mutations most of US learned about in school—alterations that cause entire genes or series of genes to malfunction and that result in diseases like sickle-cell anemia and cystic fibrosis. Instead the changes nutritional geneticists are looking for are more like normal variations in the correct spelling of a word—say, theatre or theater, depending on whether you speak the Queen’s English or American.

Researchers now have a good reference guide for the 25, 000 or so genes of the human genome and the more than 3 million common variants that lurk within those genes. They still need to figure out how all those genetic variables relate to health and disease. Add the fact that food is full of hundreds of bioactive compounds, each of which varies depending on where plants are grown or animals are raised, and you’ve got quite a lot of information to puzzle out. In the end, you’ll probably find out you still need to eat your broccoli. But at least you’ll have a better understanding of why.

1 The aim of the new research is to ______.  

A. find nutritious food

B. analyze personal DNA

C. make a person’s diet fit his genes

D. make more discoveries

2 If you are among the population who has a specific genetic variation mentioned in paragraph 2, you’d better ______.

A. drink more coffee

B. not drink tea

C. drink more coco cola

D. not drink milk

3 Which is NOT true about gene-nutrient research?

A. It’s very new.

B. It’s developing very fast.

C. Many companies have begun business in this field.

D. The field is touched by only scientists.

4 Why does the writer use the example of different spellings of the word theater?

A. To show that word can be spelt in different ways.

B. To illustrate that the normal genetic variations have no obvious damage.

C. To show the difference between British English and American English.

D. To indicate that genes are just like words.

5 According to the passage, before we have a better understanding of why we need to eat broccoli, ______.

A. we have genes tested

B. we need to know plenty of information

C. scientists still have lots of work to do

D. we should know more about the food

内容来源	考研英语（一）阅读理解高分特训100篇

『文章大意』

文章首段指出现在科学家开始利用现代技术找出饮食和疾病之间的关系。第二段举喝咖啡可能会导致骨质流失为例来说明基因测试能实现的功能。第三段指出该研究领域仍存在争议，但一些公司却迫不及待的向用户提供这种服务。第四段指出这些基因变化不会威胁到生命，科学家希望找到的是能够在正常范围内的变化。末段提到科学家现在已有一定的参考资料，但仍需找出基因的变化是如何与疾病和健康相连的。研究的结果可能不会对生活产生太大改变，但至少我们会知道为什么要这样做。

『达聪详解』

1、C  细节题。文中第一段指出“investigators have begun to tease apart some of the more complex interactions between your diet and your DNA”。也就是说，这项研究目的是研究饮食与DNA（即基因）之间的关系，使之更好搭配，有助于人类健康。

2、B  细节题。文中第二段指出“在有咖啡因存在的情况下，由于这种基因变异，你很难吸收得到钙，”而咖啡因主要存在与咖啡和茶内，所以发生这种基因变异的人也最好不要喝茶。

3、D  细节题。文章第三段提到“This area of research is so new”，排除A选项。由“the field is growing fast”排除B项。由“Indeed, some start up companies…to offer tests for a limited number of gene-nutrient interactions directly to consumers”可排除C项，而且明确指出D项是不符合文义的。

4、B  细节题。文章倒数第二段最后一句的意思是“营养学家发现：基因变异并不是以前所认为的那样，会造成重大疾病，而是一些常规变异，就好像“剧院”这个词在英文中有两种拼写方法一样，取决于具体情况。”由此判断B项正确。

5、C  细节题。文中最后一段提到“They（scientists） still need to figure out how all those genetic variables relate to health and disease”，由此可见，这项技术还没有完成，因此在能很好地解释我们为什么需要吃椰菜之前，还有很多工作要做。

『词汇词组』

·adage n. 格言，谚语；箴言

·tease apart梳理

·stave off避开；延缓

·genomic adj. 基因组的；染色体的

·subtlety n. 微妙；敏锐；精明

·variant adj. 不同的；多样的 n. 变体；转化

·mutation n. [遗]突变；变化；元音变化

·malfunction vi. 发生故障；不起作用 n. 故障；失灵；疾病

·sickle-cell anemia镰状细胞性贫血

·cystic fibrosis囊胞性纤维症

·lurk vi. 潜伏；潜藏；埋伏n. 潜伏；埋伏

……

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